The combined oral contraceptive pill versus bromocriptine to suppress lactation in puerperium: a randomized double blind study.

A randomised double blind comparative study of 230 HIV infected mothers who had a normal delivery at 37-42 weeks' gestation were divided into two groups; 116 combined pill users and 114 bromocriptine users to suppress lactation. There were 33 cases (28.5%) of combined pills users and 29 cases (25.4%) of bromocriptine users who had breast engorgement without statistical difference. All of them had mild breast engorgement without any treatment except one case (0.9%) in the bromocriptine group had severe breast engorgement with puerperal fever and needed an analgesic drug. There were no side effects of the drugs. This study showed that combined pills were beneficial to suppress lactation in HIV infected mothers to prevent postnatal mother-to-child transmission because of low risk and low cost.

Analgesic effect of codeine plus bromocriptine during simple teeth extraction and minor oral soft tissue surgery

Objective-In this study, the effect of codeine alone and in combination with D2 dopamine agonist bromocriptine in pain sensation during simple tooth extraction or minor oral soft tissue surgery has been examined. Method-Patients [121 male and 91 female] who were undergoing one of the above procedures, were included in this double-blind study. They were given randomly one of the following medications: Codeine [10-20 mg], bromocriptine [2.5-5 mg] in different combinations controlled by a placebo and a dental lidocaine cartridge group. The medication was given 20 minutes before the procedure and the patients subsequently recorded their pain intensity on a scale of 0-3. Results-ANOVA showed significant difference between placebo group and cases who received the combination of bromocriptine and codeine [with certain dosages], but the analgesic effect was significantly lower than the lidocaine group [p<0.05]. Discussion-Patients who received bromocriptine 5 mg plus codeine [10 or 20 mg] had a better effective response than those receiving either of the components alone or placebo. It appears that D2 activation potentiates the response induced by the opioid agonist codeine

Desaparición de la imagen radiográfica de un macroprolactinoma con bromocriptina / Radiographic image description, of a macroprolactinoma with bromocriptine

Se informa a una paciente con síndrome de amenorrea galactorrea ocasionado por un macroadenoma hipofisario secretor de prolactina (PRL), el cual fue tratado médicamente con 5 mg/día de bromocriptina, normalizándose las cifras de PRL a las seis semanas y reapareciendo la menstruación a las ocho semanas de tratamiento. Después de 20 meses de tratamiento, se realizó un segundo estudio tomográfico de la hipófisis el cual fue normal. Se revisan las controversias en el manejo de los macroprolactinomas y se propone el manejo médico con agonistas dopaminérgicos como el tratamiento electivo para estas pacientes

Bromocriptine-induced tachycardia in conscious rats: blunted response followin isoproterenol pretreatment for 5 days

Previous studies have shown that tachycardia induced by intravenous injection of bromocriptine, which persisted after adrenalectomy, was mediated by central dopamine D2 receptor stimulation. Such stimulation could activate central sympathetic outflow to the heart. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether pretreatment with isoproterenol, known to induce cardiac beta-adrenoceptor desensitization, could reduce bromocriptine-induced tachycardia. A 5 day pretreatment with isoproterenol (5 mg/Kg/day) induced a 21 per cent increase in the ratio of ventricular dry weight to body weight, compared with saline-pretreated rats. In isolated perfused heart preparations from isoproterenol-pretreated rats, the isoproterenol-induced increase in left ventricular systolic pressure and heart rate was significantly reduced, compared with saline-pretreated rats (the isoproterenol concentration producing 50 per cent of the maximal positive inotropic and chronotropic responses was increased ~5-and 4- fold, respectively). In conscious control rats, intravenous injection of bromocriptine (50, 150 and 250 mug/Kg) decreased mean aortic pressure and increased heart rate in a dose-related manner. Pretreatment with isoproterenol for 5 days reduced bromocriptine-induced tachycardia without affecting hypotension. Cardiac autonomic tone remained of the same order of magnitude irrespective of whether the animal was pretreated with isoproterenol. These results indicate that isoproterenol pretreatment reduces bromocriptine-induced tachycardia mainly through desensitization of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors rather than via an impairment of autonomic regulation of the heart. This support the hypothesis that bromocriptine-induced activation of central dopamine D2 receptors increases heart rate via activation of central sympathetic outflow to the heart.

Procedimientos, técnicas y comunicaciones en Endocrinología Medicina legal, dolor y Medicina molecular: Prolactinoma. Generalidades, epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento / Proccedings, communications and techniques in Endocrinology, Legal Medicine, pain and Molecular Medicine: prolactinoma, Epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosisi and treatment

Los prolactinomas son adenomas hipofisiarios frecuentes y son causa importante de infertilidad. Son más frecuentes en mujeres entre la segunda y quinta décadas de la vida. Morfólogicamente se clasifican como microprolactinomas (<10 mm) y macroprolactinomas (>10 mm). Sus manifestaciones pueden ser endocrinas (que son las más frecuentes) o por efecto de masa y neurológicas

Effects of bromocriptine on serum prolactin levels, pituitary weight and immunoreactive prolactin cells in estradiol-treated ovariectomized rats: an experimental model of estrogen-dependent hyperprolactinemia

The present study was designed to assess the effects of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, on pituitary wet weight, number of immunoreactive prolactin cells and serum prolactin concentrations in estradioltreated rats. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with sunflower oil vehicle or estradiol valerate (50 or 300 mug rat-1 week-l) for 2, 4 or 10 weeks. Bromocriptine (0.2 or 0.6 mg rat-1 day-l) was injected daily during the last 5 or 12 days of estrogen treatment. Data were compared with those obtained for intact control rats. Administration of both doses of estrogen increased serum prolactin levels. No difference in the number of prolactin cells in rats treated with 50 mug estradiol valerate was observed compared to intact adult animals. In contrast, rats treated with 300 mug estradiol valerate showed a significant increase in the number of prolactin cells (P<0.05). Therefore, the increase in serum prolactin levels observed in rats treated with 50 mug estradiol valerate, in the absence of morphological changes in the pituitary cells, suggests a "functional" estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemia. Bromocriptine decreased prolactin levels in all estrogen-treated rats. The administration of this drug to rats previously treated with 300 mug estradiol valerate also resulted in a significant decrease in pituitary weight and number of prolactin cells when compared to the group treated with estradiol alone. The general antiprolactinemic and antiproliferative pituitary effects of bromocriptine treatment reported here validate the experimental model of estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemic rats.

effect of induced hyperprolactinemia and its suppression by bromocriptine on some metabolic and hormonal patterns in adult female rats

Hyperprolactinemia was induced in 42 normal cycling adult female rats by daily S/C injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 days. Two dose levels of bromocriptine/animal as antiprolactin were daily S/C injected for 7 and 15 days. The effect of the induced hyperprolactinemia and its suppression on serum levels of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, insulin, cortisol, glucose, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and calcium in adult female rats was studied. Hyperprolactinemia was accompanied by an elevation of serum estradiol-17 beta, insulin, cortisol, glucose, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol and calcium; while, progesterone levels was declined significantly. Meanwhile, serum urea showed insignificant changes. On the other h and, treatment with bromocriptine decreased serum levels of estradiol-17 beta, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol; while insulin and albumin levels were still significantly higher in female rats treated with bromocriptine [10 mug]. Serum calcium was significantly higher at 7 days in female rats treated with 10 or 20 mug bromocriptine, then declined after 15 days of treatment. Serum cortisol level of female rats treated by estradiol benzoate was not affected by bromocriptine treatment and still elevated. It can be concluded that hyperprolactinemia induced by estradiol benzoate resulted in metabolic and hormonal changes which could be normalized by bromocriptine treatment

Parkinsonismo: aspéctos clínicos, biológicos e terapêuticos / Parkinsonism: clinical, biological and therapeutical aspects

O parkinsonismo idiopático (doença de Parkinson) e secundário, ou seja, que apresenta etiologia conhecida (pós-encefalítico, por toxinas, por drogas ou por algumas doenças degenerativas) såo processos neurodegenerativos que afetam progressivamente as funçÆes motoras normais do indivíduo. Neste trabalho, os aspéctos clínicos, etiológicos, fisiopatológicos e principalmente a descriçåo do arsenal farmacológico e as medidas utilizadas no combate ou retardo medicamentoso do parkinsonismo såo abordados e discutidos

Impact of prolactin on epididymal lipid profile in castrated rats.

Prolactin treatment to castrated rats led to accumulation of triacylglycerol and esterified cholesterol. There was no appreciable drift in epididymal cholesterol: phospholipid ratio between the prolactin treated and control animals. However, further analysis of phospholipids showed a build up of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine but a drop in the levels of phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin in prolactin treated castrated rats as compared to those castrated animals injected with vehicle alone. Changes in phospholipids reported above were prominently seen in the group of castrated rats that received 100 micrograms oPRL/100 g body weight but not in those animals which received either lower or higher doses of the hormone. Interestingly, bromocryptine treatment in castrated rats produced a general depletion in the levels of all lipid classes studied in the epididymis. It is suggested that this may be due to impaired synthesis and/or increased breakdown of lipids in this organ.

comparative study of clondine and bromocrytine on growth in some growth-retarded children

Children with short stature, but otherwise healthy, and showing a subnormal GH [growth hormone] release to insulin hypoglycemia were evaluated for growth after 3 months of treatment with each of placebo [multivitamin tablet b.i.d.], Clonidine [b.i.d.] or bromocryptine 2.5 mg/d nocte], consecutively. Clonidine significantly increased OH release in these dwarfs, and this was associated with significant increase in height 3 months after treatment Bromocryptine had a mild enhancing effect on linear growth and plasma Gil level, while placebo had no significant effect. It is suggested that clonidine, probably acting centrally to augment hypothothalamic GHRH secretion and consequently GM release, might be more useful agent than bromocryptine in such growth retarded children. The results also suggest that alpha 2-adrenergic dysfunction in hpothalmus is more involved than a dopaminergic disorder 4 disturbing GM release from anterior pituitry with subsequent retardation of growth

Hyperprolactinaemia and reproductive failure.

63 cases of hyperprolactinaemia (55 women and 8 men) were studied. Of the 55 women, 39 presented with infertility, while five were unmarried and had menstrual abnormalities. All eight men were partners of an infertile union. The principal modes of presentation of hyperprolactinaemia in women were infertility (74.6%) and menstrual disorders (27.6%). Galactorrhoea was evident in 28.6% and 10.7% had headache. There was no significant correlation between the level of prolactin and the duration of amenorrhoea. Changes in pituitary gonadotrophin levels were observed in 30.2% of cases, the common feature being an elevated LH level. Treatment with bromocriptine restored normal cycles, and the incidence of pregnancies was 38.5%. 14 normal infants were born and one patient miscarried.

Alteraçöes mastográficas, ultrassonográficas e termográficas em pacientes com doença fibrocística da mama, antes e após tratamento com bromocriptina / X-Ray mammography, ultrasonography and thermography changes in patients with fibrocystic breast disease, before and after treatment with bromocriptine

Foram estudadas 21 (x= 29,8+ 5,2 anos) mulheres portadoras de Doença Fibrocística da Mama com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis alteraçoes das imagens mastográficas, ultrassonográficas e termográfícas mamárias após o uso da bromocriptina. O ensaio foi duplo-cego randomizado (placebo e bromocriptina, 5 a 7,5mg/dia por três meses consecutivos). Os exames foram realizados no diagnóstico e após trinta dias do término do tratamento medicamentoso. Todas as pacientes do grupo ativo e 50 por cento do grupo placebo apresentaram melhora da mastalgia. O exame ultrassonográfico revelou que 28,6 por cento das pacientes do grupo ativo e 50 por cento do grupo placebo apresentaram diminuiçao da ecogenicidade. Quanto à mastografia, 40 por cento obtiveram melhora no grupo ativo e 50 por cento do grupo-controle apresentaram diminuiçao da densidade mastográfíca após o tratamento. Os exames termográficos demonstraram que no grupo ativo, 18,2 por cento das ll pacientes a classificaçao regrediu de Th3 para Th2 após o tratamento. As 19 pacientes restantes de ambos os grupos nao apresentaram alteraçoes termográficas, permanecendo em Th2. Nao se demonstrou diferença estatística entre os grupos estudados.

Prolactin suppression during pre and post-implantation periods on rat uterine glucosamine synthase activity.

Administration of bromocriptine (Bc), an ergot derivative having dopamine receptor agonist activity, to rats on day 1-5 of pregnancy prevented implantation of blastocysts and significantly suppressed uterine glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase activity. There was no effect on implantation or the enzyme activity when Bc was injected on day 7 or later of pregnancy. Injection of prolactin following Bc partially restored the enzyme activity and increased number of implantation sites. These results indicate that suppression of prolactin on day 1 to 5 of pregnancy causes failure of implantation. Bc on day 9 or later had no effect possibly due to the availability of placental LH/hCG to support the luteal cells.

Comparison of the effect of bromocriptine and zinc on serum prolactin and sexual functions in patients with chronic renal failure

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent endocrine abnormality in uremic patients and is usually accompanied by low zinc [Zn] level, decreases in potency and libido. This study was conducted on 50 subjects composed of 40 male uremic patients on regular hemodialysis with impaired sexual functions. 20 of them received Bromocriptine [Bro] for 6 months, 20 of them received oral Zn for 6 months with 10 well cross matched healthy volunteers. The aim is to compare the effect of Zn and Bro-administration on serum prolactin [PRL] level, libido and sexual functions. A detailed sexual history was obtained from every patient. None of the cases was receiving drugs or had any diseases that affect PRL level with more stress on exclusion of neuropsychiatric causes of impotence, serum creatinine and urea were estimated as well as serum PRL and Zn before and after treatment. From this study, it can be concluded that in uremic patients, under dialysis serum PRL was found to be high, while serum Zn level was significantly low. Bro-administration lead sexual function [about 80%]. Zn administration decreased significantly serum PRL level and improved sexual function [about 50%], however its impact on PRL level and sexual function remained inferior to the effect of Bro

Role of prolactin on epididymal glycoprotein metabolism in matured monkeys, Macaca radiata: specific activities of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.

Impact of altered serum prolactin status on enzymes involved in glycoprotein metabolism in epididymal tissue of matured monkeys was studied. Hyperprolactinemia (ovine prolactin-250 micrograms/kg body weight/day for 30 days) significantly inhibited the specific activities of dolichylphosphate mannosyl transferase, dolichylphosphate glucosyl transferase and galactosyl transferase, in the epididymal tissues. However, it had an enhanced effect on epididymal glycosidases such as beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl galactosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase. Hypoprolactinemia (bromocriptine mesylate-1-mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days) on other hand had no significant effect on the specific activities of both, glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, in the epididymal tissues. The results suggest that hyperprolactinemia inhibits epididymal glycoprotein metabolism by impairing the incorporation of oligosaccharide units into proteins with enhanced degradation. This may have adverse effect on events leading to sperm maturation in epididymal environment.

Bromocriptine-induced implantation failure in mice: failure of the stud male to protect pregnancy.

The presence of the stud male failed to prevent implantation failure in newly inseminated females induced by administration of bromocriptine. This is in contrast with the ability of the stud male to prevent implantation failure in females induced by alien male exposure, and nutritional stress. Since bromocriptine is a potent inhibitor of hypophysial prolactin release by virtue of its stimulatory effect on hypothalamic dopaminergic activity, the results suggest that the stud male-originating luteotrophic stimulus is incapable of overriding the dopaminergic activity in bromocriptine-treated females.

Influence of prolactin, androgens and bromocriptine on seminal vesicular and prostatic adenosine triphosphatases in castrated adult monkeys Macaca radiata.

E ects of prolactin (PRL), bromocriptine (Br), testosterone propionate (TP), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the combinations of these androgens with PRL/Br on specific activities of adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) of seminal vesicles and cranial and caudal prostates were studied in castrated adult bonnet monkeys. Castration decreased all ATPases (sodium/potassium, magnesium and calcium dependent) of seminal vesicles and both the lobes of prostate. PRL restored the normal activities of all ATPases in both the organs. Br given alone decreased all ATPases of prostate but caused no significant alteration, particularly calcium dependent ATPases of seminal vesicles and caudal prostate. TP/DHT replacement restored all ATPases of both the organs to the normal levels. PRL + TP/DHT further enhanced all the ATPases activities of all the regions studied. Br + TP/DHT decreased all ATPases but it did not produce any alteration in the calcium ATPases of seminal vesicles. The results suggest that prolactin facilitates membrane transport enzymes in the cranial and caudal prostate and seminal vesicles of adult castrated bonnet monkeys.